Professor Valerie Braithwaite
BA Hons (Class I) (University of Queensland), PhD (University of Queensland)
Professor, Regulatory Institutions Network
ANU College of Asia and the Pacific
Areas of expertise
- Citizenship 160602
- Public Policy 160510
- Social Policy 160512
- Public Administration 160509
- Social And Community Psychology 170113
- Australian Government And Politics 160601
- Law And Society 180119
- Criminology 1602
Biography
Valerie Braithwaite is an interdisciplinary social scientist with a disciplinary background in psychology. She has taught in social and clinical psychology programs at undergraduate and graduate level, and has held research appointments in gerontology in the NH&MRC Social Psychiatry Research Unit and in the Administration, Compliance and Governability Project in the Research School of Social Sciences at ANU. In 1988-89, she was Associate Director in the Research School of Social Sciences, from 1989-2005 Director of the Centre for Tax System Integrity, and from 2006-2008 Head of the Regulatory Institutions Network in the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies.
Currently, Valerie Braithwaite holds a professorial appointment in the Regulatory Institutions Network where she studies psychological processes in regulation and governance. The main themes are:
(a) identifying institutional practices that generate defiance, undermining the individual's capacity and willingness to cooperate in core facets of social life from family and school to work and governance. Of primary interest are practices that fail to respect social values, challenge the stress and coping capabilities of individuals, induce poor shame management skills, and frustrate basic needs;
(b) demonstrating how social relationships facilitate the engagement of individuals in institutional life. This work focuses on building trust, recognizing shared social values, generating hope and institutionalizing dialogue and generosity.
She regularly runs workshops and provides briefings on the adoption of responsive regulatory models by government agencies. Valerie Braithwaite is currently a member of the National Skills Standards Council.
Recently, Valerie Braithwaite has been focussing her efforts on open source publications of immediate practical use to policy makers and community workers. Her most recent publications in this area include: a synthesis of responsive regulation approaches used by regulatory bodies across the globe, co-authored with Mary Ivec; and, with Sharynne Hamilton, a charter of rights for families in out of home care, and a sorely-needed exposition of the perspectives of community workers in child protection. These are available from the Regnet website & her personal website (listed below).
Researcher's projects
Trust and Hope in the Democracy Project
This project examines the role of trust and hope in governance. The central hypothesis is that trust and hope build social capacity and enable cooperation. At the heart of the project is motivational posturing theory. Motivational posturing theory explains responses to government authority of disengagement, game playing, resistance, capitulation and commitment as ways of dealing with the sacrifice of individual freedom. Between 1999 and 2005, these issues were addressed within the context of taxation: What makes people accept the obligation to pay tax even when it is possible to evade or avoid payment? (http://ctsi.anu.edu.au)
School and Workplace Bullying Prevention Projects
These projects have been undertaken in collaboration with Eliza Ahmed, Brenda Morrison, Helene Shin and Jacqueline Homel. Central to this work has been the idea of shame management. Bullying is shown to be associated with an inability to manage shame well because of personal circumstance or a threatening environment. Shame occurs when people do not live up to expectations of themselves or others in terms of competence or moral behaviour.
Capacity Building in Child Protection Project
This project is supported by an ARC Linkage grant with Nathan Harris, Dorothy Scott, Morag McArthur and the ACT Department of Disability, Housing and Community Services. The overall objective is to demonstrate how safety for children can be improved and care capacity in the child's local community can be more effectively harnessed through a responsive regulatory approach.
(http://ccb.anu.edu.au)
Tax System Integrity Project
Taxation has been cocooned for too long as an inevitable and resented instrumentality of government. Australians are acutely aware of what tax dollars deliver. They also are very clear about how government should spend taxpayers’ money and are not unwilling or unable to reflect on community interests. When confidence is lost in the system, however, taxpayers bow out of being a collective player and disengage. Resources permitting, disillusionment may turn into game playing in an attempt to beat the system at its own game. A thriving financial planning industry is able to push game playing along, giving tax defiance a safer avenue for expression. These are among the main findings of the Centre for Tax System Integrity (CTSI), funded from 1999-2005 by an ANU-ATO research partnership. http://ctsi.anu.edu.au
Publications
- Shin, H, Braithwaite, V & Ahmed, E 2016, 'Cyber- and face-to-face bullying: who crosses over?', Social Psychology of Education, pp. 1-31.
- Widihartanto, S & Braithwaite, V 2016, ''Hunting animals in a zoo'? Regulating Indonesia's high wealth individual taxpayers'.
- Hamilton, S & Braithwaite, V 2016, 'Stigma by association and its impact on community organisations in Australian child protection systems'.
- Braithwaite, V 2016, Marketisation and Regulation of Vocational Education and Training.
- Braithwaite, V 2015, 'Overcoming oppression in child protection: Restorative justice, responsive regulation and political courage'.
- Braithwaite, V & Ahmed, E 2015, 'The personal management of shame and pride in workplace bullying'.
- Ivec, M, Braithwaite, V, Beauchamp Wood, C et al 2015, 'Applications of responsive regulatory theory in Australia and overseas: update'.
- Braithwaite, V 2014, 'Food for thought in regulating the VET sector', National Conference for TAFE Directors Australia (TDA National Conference 2014: Vision 2020), TAFE Directors Australia, NSW, pp. 144-152.
- Braithwaite, V 2014, 'Defiance and Motivational Postures', in Gerben Bruinsma, David Weisburd (ed.), Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Springer New York, New York USA, pp. 1-12.
- Tan, L, Braithwaite, V & Reinhart, M 2014, 'Why do small business taxpayers stay with their practitioners? Trust, competence and aggressive advice', International Small Business Journal, vol. Online Early Version, no. 2014, pp. 1-16.
- Dow, K & Braithwaite, V 2013, Review of Higher Education Regulation.
- Braithwaite, V 2013, A Multipronged Approach to the Regulation of Workplace Bullying.
- Braithwaite, V & Reinhart, M 2013, 'Deterrence, coping styles and defiance', Finanzarchiv, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 439-468.
- Braithwaite, V 2013, 'Resistant and dismissive defiance towards tax authorities', in Adam Crawford and Anthea Hucklesby (ed.), Legitimacy and Compliance in Criminal Justice, Routledge, Abingdon, UK and New York, USA, pp. 91-115.
- Braithwaite, V, Huang, H & Reinhart, M 2013, ''Love thy neighbour' values, needs, and willingness to participate in restorative justice: a survey of Australian and Japanese victims and offenders', Restorative Justice, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 91-121.
- Braithwaite, V & Fergusson, S 2013, 'Regulating for learning in the tertiary education system', in Francesca Beddie, Laura O'Connor and Penelope Curtin (ed.), Structures in tertiary education and training: a kaleidoscope or merely fragments? Research readings, Commonwealth of Australia, Adelaide, pp. 179-189.
- Ivec, M, Braithwaite, V & Harris, N 2012, '"Resetting the Relationship" in Indigenous Child Protection: Public Hope and Private Reality', Law and Policy, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 80-103.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2012, 'Learning to Manage Shame in School Bullying: Lessons for Restorative Justice Interventions', Critical Criminology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 79-97.
- Braithwaite, V 2012, Regulating for Learning in the Tertiary Education System.
- Braithwaite, V 2012, A Discussion Paper for Developing a Regulatory Framework for Not-For-Profits.
- Ivec, M, Braithwaite, V & Reinhart, M 2011, A National Survey on Perceptions of How Child Protection Authorities Work 2010: The Perspective of Third Parties - Preliminary Findings.
- Braithwaite, V 2011, Motivations, Attitudes, Perceptions and Skills: Pathways to Safe Work.
- Braithwaite, V 2012, 'Defiance and Taxation', Targeting Tax Crime- A whole-of-government approach, Australian Taxation Office, Canberra
- Huang, H, Braithwaite, V, Tsutomi, H and Braithwaite, J 2012, 'Social Capital, Rehabilitation, Tradition: Support for Restorative Justice in Japan and Australia, Asian Journal of Criminology, vol. Online 15 July 2011, pp. 1-14.
- Tan, L & Braithwaite, V 2011, 'Agreement with tax practitioners' advice under tax law ambiguity', New Zealand Journal of Taxation Law and Policy, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 267-288.
- Braithwaite, V. 2011 Motivations, Attitudes, Perceptions and Skills: Pathways to Safe Work. Report to Safe Work Australia
- Ivec, M., Braithwaite, V. & Reinhart, M. 2011 A National Survey on Perceptions of How Child Protection Authorities Work 2010: The Perspective of Third Parties, Regulatory Institutions Network Occasional Paper 16, Australian National University.
- McArthur, M., Braithwaite, V., Wilson, F., Conroy, S., Thomson, B., Ivec, M., Harris, N., & Reinhart, M. 2011 How Relevant is the Role of Values in Child Protection Practice? A National Survey of Statutory Child Protection Staff 2009: Preliminary Findings, Regulatory Institutions Network Occasional Paper 17, Australian National University.
- Braithwaite, J, Dinnen, S, Allen, M et al 2010, Pillars and Shadows: Statebuilding as Peacebuilding in Solomon Islands, ANU ePress, Canberra Australia.
- Braithwaite, V, Reinhart, M & Smart, M 2010, 'Tax non-compliance among the under-30s: knowledge, obligation or skepticism?', in James Alm, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Benno Torgler (ed.), Developing Alternative Frameworks for Explaining Tax Compliance, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, Abingdon and New York, pp. 217-237.
- Braithwaite, J, Braithwaite, V, Cookson, M et al 2010, Anomie and Violence: Non-truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding, ANU ePress, Canberra Australia.
- Braithwaite, V 2010, 'Criminal prosecution within responsive regulatory practice', Criminology and Public Policy, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 515-523.
- Wood, C., Ivec, M., Job, J. & Braithwaite, V. (2010) Applications of responsive regulatory theory in Australia and overseas, Regulatory Institutions Network Occasional Paper 15, Australian National University.
- Braithwaite, V. 2009 Attitudes to tax policy: Politics, self-interest and social values, Research Note No. 9, Centre for Tax System Integrity, Australian National University, Canberra.
- Braithwaite, V 2009, Attitude to Tax Policy: Politics, self interest and social values.
- Braithwaite, V 2009, 'Tax Evasion', in M Tonry (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 381-405.
- Braithwaite, V, Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, J 2009, 'Workplace Bullying and Victimization: The Influence of Organisational Context, Shame and Pride', International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 71-94.
- Braithwaite, V 2009, Defiance in Taxation and Governance: Resisting and Dismissing Authority in a Democracy, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham UK.
- Braithwaite, V 2009, 'Security and Harmony Value Orientations and Their Roles in Attitude Formation and Change', Psychological Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 162-167.
- Braithwaite, V 2009, 'The Value Balance Model and Democratic Governance', Psychological Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 87-97.
- Braithwaite, V, Harris, N & Ivec, M 2009, 'Seeking to Clarify Child Protection's Regulatory Principles', Communities, Children and Families Australia, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5-21.
- Harris, N, Braithwaite, V & Ivec, M 2009, 'Rejoinder: A Responsive Approach to Child Protection', Communities, Children and Families Australia, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 69-75.
- Braithwaite, V, Reinhart, M & Job, J 2008, 'Getting On or Getting By? Australians in the Cash Economy', in Friedrich Schneider (ed.), The Economics of the Hidden Economy Volume II, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, MA, USA, pp. 62-78.
- Braithwaite, V & Wenzel, M 2008, 'Integrating explanations of tax evasion and avoidance', in Alan Lewis (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 304-331.
- Braithwaite, V, Murphy, K & Reinhart, M 2007, 'Taxation Threat, Motivational Postures, and Responsive Regulation', Law and Policy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 137-158.
- Braithwaite, V 2007, 'Responsive Regulation and Taxation: Introduction', Law and Policy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 3-10.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2007, 'Higher Education Loans and Tax Evasion:A Response to Perceived Unfairness', Law and Policy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 121-136.
- Maguire, P., Reinhart, M., Mearns, M. & Braithwaite, V. (2007) Trust, Hope and Democracy Project, Progress Report No. 2, Australian National University.
- Braithwaite, V 2006, 'Ten things you need to know about regulation and never wanted to ask', Australian Law Librarian, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 19-28.
- Braithwaite, J, Makkai, T & Braithwaite, V 2007, Regulating aged care: ritualism and the new pyramid, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA.
- Braithwaite, V & Braithwaite, J 2006, 'Democratic Sentiment and Cyclical Markets in Vice', The British Journal of Criminology, vol. 46, pp. 1110-1127.
- Braithwaite, J, Braithwaite, V & Ahmed, E 2006, 'Shame, Restorative Justice and Crime', Advances in Criminological Theory, vol. 15, no. 2006, pp. 397-417.
- Braithwaite, V., Hodges, T. & Lyons, B. (2006) Trust, Hope and Democracy Project, Progress Report No. 1, Australian National University
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2006, 'Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Shame: Three Key Variables in Reducing School Bullying', Journal of Social Issues, vol. 62, no. 2, 2006, pp. 347-370.
- Braithwaite, V 2006, 'Is Reintegrative Shaming Relevant to Tax Evasion and Avoidance', in Henk Elffers, Peter Verboon, Wim Huisman (eds.), Managing and Maintaining Compliance, Boom Juridische uitgevers, The Hague, pp. 109-127.
- Braithwaite, J, Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2006, 'Shame, Restorative Justice and Crime', in Kristie Blevins, Francis Cullen and John Wright (eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory, Advances in Criminological Theory, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, pp. 397-417.
- Braithwaite, J, Braithwaite, V & Ahmed, E 2005, 'Reintegrative Shaming', in Stuart Henry & Mark Lanier (eds.), The Essential Criminology Reader, Westview Press, Boulder USA, pp. 286-297.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2005, 'Emotionally intelligent tax policy: The case of higher education funding', Legal and Criminological Psychology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 291-308.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2005, 'Understanding Small Business Taxpayers: Issues of Deterrence, Tax Morale, Fairness and Work Practice', International Small Business Journal, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 539-568.
- Braithwaite, V & Ahmed, E 2005, 'A threat to tax morale: The case of Australian higher education policy', Journal of Economic Psychology, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 523-540.
- Braithwaite, V, Reinhart, M & Job, J 2005, 'Getting on or Getting By? Australians in the Cash Economy', in Christopher Bajada and Friedrich Schneider (ed.), Size, Causes and Consequences of the Underground Economy, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot UK, pp. 55-73.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2004, 'When tax collectors become collectors for child support and student loans: jeopardizing the revenue base?', Kyklos, vol. 57, no. Fasc.3, pp. 303-326.
- Braithwaite, V 2004, 'The hope process and social inclusion', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 592, pp. 128-151.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2004, 'Bullying and victimization: cause for concern for both families and schools', Social Psychology of Education, vol. 7, pp. 35-54.
- Ahmed, E & Braithwaite, V 2004, 'What, me ashamed? Shame management and school bullying', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 269-294.
- Braithwaite, V 2004, 'Collective hope: Preface to Hope, Power and Governance', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 592, no. 1, pp. 6-15.
- Braithwaite, V, ed., 2004, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol 592 special edition: Hope, Power and Governance, 592.
- Braithwaite, V, ed., 2003, Taxing Democracy: Understanding Tax Avoidance and Evasion, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK.
- Braithwaite, V 2003, 'A New Approach to Tax Compliance', in Valerie Braithwaite (ed.), Taxing Democracy: Understanding Tax Avoidance and Evasion, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK, pp. 1-11.
- Braithwaite, V 2003, 'Who's Not Paying Their Fair Share', Australian Journal of Social Issues, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 335-362.
- Braithwaite, V, Ahmed, E, Morrison, B et al 2003, 'Researching the Prospects for Restorative Justice Practice in Schools: The Life at School Survey 1996-9', in Lode Walgrave (ed.), Repositioning Restorative Justice, Willan Publishing, Cullompton, UK, pp. 169-190.
- Braithwaite, V 2003, 'Tax System Integrity and Compliance: The Democratic Management of the Tax System', in Valerie Braithwaite (ed.), Taxing Democracy: Understanding Tax Avoidance and Evasion, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK, pp. 271-289.
- Braithwaite, V, Schneider, F, Reinhart, M et al 2003, 'Charting the Shoals of the Cash Economy', in Valerie Braithwaite (ed.), Taxing Democracy: Understanding Tax Avoidance and Evasion, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK, pp. 93-108.
- Braithwaite, V 2003, 'Dancing with Tax Authorities: Motivational Postures and Non-Compliant Actions', in Valerie Braithwaite (ed.), Taxing Democracy: Understanding Tax Avoidance and Evasion, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK, pp. 15-39.
- Rawlings, G & Braithwaite, V 2003, 'Introduction. Voices for Change: Australian Perspectives on Tax Administration', Australian Journal of Social Issues, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 263-268.
- Sakurai, Y & Braithwaite, V 2003, 'Taxpayers Perceptions of Practitioners: Finding One Who is Effective and Does the Right Thing?', Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 46, pp. 375-387.
- Braithwaite, V 2002, 'Reducing Ageism', in Todd D. Nelson (ed.), Ageism. Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older Persons, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 311-337.
- Braithwaite, V, Gatens, M & Mitchell, D 2002, 'If Mutual Obligation is the Answer, What is the Question?', Australian Journal of Social Issues, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 225-245.
- Ahmed, E, Harris, N, Braithwaite, J et al 2001, Shame Management Through Reintegration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Braithwaite, V 2001, 'Consenso, establilidad y significado en los valores sociales abstractos', in Ros, Maria & Gouveia, Valdiney V. (ed.), Psicologia social de los valores humanos. Desarrollos teoricos, metodologicos y aplicados, Editorial Biblioteca Nueva, S.L., Madrid, pp. 153-171.
- Braithwaite, V & Braithwaite, J 2001, 'Managing tax compliance: The evolution of the Australian Taxation Office compliance model', in Walpole, M. & Evans, C. (ed.), Tax Administration in the 21st Century, Prospect Media Pty Ltd, St Leonards, Australia, pp. 215-224.
- Braithwaite, V 2000, 'Contextual or General Stress Outcomes: Making Choices Through Caregiving Appraisals.', Gerontologist, The, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 706-717.
- Dryzek, J & Braithwaite, V 2000, 'On the prospects for democratic deliberation: Values analysis applied to Australian politics.', Political Psychology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 241-266.
- Braithwaite, V 2000, 'Values and Restorative Justice in Schools', in Strang, H.; Braithwaite, J. (ed.), Restorative Justice: Philosophy to Practice, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, U.K., pp. 121-144.
- Braithwaite, J & Braithwaite, V 2000, 'An Evolving Compliance Model for Tax Enforcement', in Neal Shover and John Paul Wright (ed.), Crimes of Privilege: Readings in White-Collar Crime, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1-19.
- Braithwaite, V & Levi, M, eds, 1998, Trust and governance., Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
- Braithwaite, V & Blamey, R 1998, 'Consensus, stability and meaning in abstract social values', Australian Journal of Political Science, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 363-380.
- Braithwaite, V 1998, 'Affirmative action in Australia: A consensus-based dialogic approach', N W S A Journal - National Women's Studies Association Journal, vol. 10, pp. 115-134.
- Braithwaite, V 1998, 'Communal and exchange trust norms, their value base and relevance to institutional trust', in V. A. Braithwaite, Margaret Levi (ed.), Trust and governance, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 46-74.
- Braithwaite, V 1998, 'Designing the process of workplace change through the Affirmative Action Act', in Moira Gatens, Alison Mackinnon (ed.), Gender and institutions: Welfare, work, and citizenship, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 107-128.
- Braithwaite, V & Levi, M 1998, 'Introduction (Trust and governance)', in V. A. Braithwaite, Margaret Levi (ed.), Trust and governance, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 1-5.
- Braithwaite, V & Levi, M 1998, 'Conclusion', in V. A. Braithwaite, Margaret Levi (ed.), Trust and governance, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 376-380.
- Braithwaite, V 1998, 'The value balance model of political evaluations', British Journal of Psychology, vol. 89, pp. 223-247.
- Braithwaite, V 1998, 'Institutional respite care: Breaking chores or breaking social bonds?', Gerontologist, The, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 610-617.
- Braithwaite, V 1998, 'The value orientations underlying liberalism-conservatism', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 25, pp. 575-589.
- Braithwaite, V 1997, 'Managing constitutional change from a psychological perspective', in M Coper, G Williams (ed.), Power, parliament, and the people, The Federation Press, Australia, pp. 16-22.
- Braithwaite, V 1997, 'Harmony and security value orientations in political evaluation', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 401-414.
- Braithwaite, V & Blamey, R 1997, 'The validity of the security-harmony social values model in the general population', Australian Journal of Psychology, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 71-77.
- Braithwaite, V 1997, 'Understanding stress in informal caregiving: Is burden a problem for the individual or for society?', Research on Aging: a quarterly of social gerontology and adult development, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 139-174.
- Braithwaite, V & Blamey, R 1997, 'A social values segmentation of the potential ecotourism market', Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 29-45.
- Braithwaite, V 1997, 'Between stressors and outcomes: Can we simplify caregiving process variables?', Gerontologist, The, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 42-53.
- Braithwaite, V, Makkai, T & Pittelkow, Y 1997, 'Inglehart's materialism - postmaterialism concept: Clarifying the dimensionality debate through Rokeach's model of social values', Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 26, no. 17, pp. 1536-1555.
Projects and Grants
Grants are drawn from ARIES. To add Projects or Grants please contact your College Research Office.
- Socio-Psychological Factors and Compliance with Work Health and Safety Regulation - Theory, Policy and Practice (Primary Investigator)
- Regulation and Social Capital (Primary Investigator)
- Lessons from Asian Peacebuilding (Secondary Investigator)
- Community Capacity Building in Child Protection Through Responsive Regulation (Primary Investigator)
- The Governance of Defiance (Primary Investigator)
